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Tribsl
LALTHAKIMA
ROLLNO 33
MZUPA
Definition of tribe.
A tribe can be defined as a community living in hilly forests or well de-marketic areas having its own culture, religions, language and strong ethnics identity . Authropologist have explained tribe as a society groups with territorial affillation endogomous in nature with no specialise or function ruled by tribal achiefs. Hereditary or otherwise united language or dialect, recognising social distance with other tribe or castes, following tribal tradition beliefs and customs, conscious of their ethnic, territorial homogenity.
A unit of socio political organisation consisting of a number of families, clain or other groups who shake a common ancestry of culture and among who leadership is typically neither formalies nor parmanent
Any aggregrate of people united by this of descent from a common ancestor community of custom and tradition aderants to save leaders.
According to Oxford Dictionary “A tribe is a group of people in a primitive or barbarious stage of development acknowledging the authority of a chief and usually regarding themselves as having a common ancestor.
D.N Majumdar defines tribe as a social group with territorial affiliation, endogamous with no specialization of functions ruled by tribal officers hereditary or otherwise, united in language or dialect recognizing social distance with other tribes or castes.
According to Ralph Linton tribe is a group of bands occupying a contiguous territory or territories and having a feeling of unity deriving from numerous similarities in a culture, frequent contacts and a certain community of interests.
L.M Lew is believes that tribal societies are small in scale are restricted in the spatial and temporal range of their social, legal and political relations and possess a morality, a religion and world view of corresponding dimensions. Characteristically too tribal languages are unwritten and hence the extent of communication both in time and space is inevitably narrow. At the same time tribal societies exhibit a remarkable economy of design and have a compactness and self-sufficiency lacking in modern society.
ANDRE- BEITELLE (1973) . The tribe was some word Usually assumed to be a more or less homogenious society having a common culture.
Imperial Gazetteer of India A tribe is a collection of families bearing a common name, speaking a common dialect, occupying or professing to occupy a common territory and is not usually endogamous, though originally it might have been so.
T.B Naik has given the following features of tribes in Indian context :
1. A tribe should have least functional interdependence within the community.
2. It should be economically backward (i.e. primitive means of exploiting natural resources, tribal economy should be at an underdeveloped stage and it should have multifarious economic pursuits).
3. There should be a comparative geographical isolation of its people.
4. They should have a common dialect.
5. Tribes should be politically organized and community panchayat should be influential.
6. A tribe should have customary laws
Naik argues that for a community to be a tribe it should possess all the above mentioned characteristics and a very high level of acculturation with outside society debars it from being a tribe. Thus term usually denotes a social group bound together by kin and duty and associated with a particular territory.
Characteristic of tribe :
1. They have usually a well demarcated geographical territory
2. Generally they live in forest or living areas.
3. Their territory relatively isolated or semi isolated compared to other social group.
4. They have their own culture falklore cusmology and behalf system.
5. Economically their are self sufficient. ie their economies is based on subsistance where there is no concept of . They cling to premative technology. They lank monitory economic. They economy is
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